Internal Security of India Questions for UPSC Mains (100 Questions)

Introduction

Internal security forms a crucial component of the UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination under General Studies Paper III. It covers a wide range of issues including terrorism, cyber security, border management, organized crime, money laundering, insurgency, and the role of external and internal threats to India’s national security. Preparing for this segment requires not only conceptual clarity but also awareness of recent challenges and measures undertaken by the government. Below are 100 practice questions categorized into chapters as per the UPSC syllabus to help aspirants in their preparation.

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Chapter 1: Terrorism and Insurgency (20 Questions)

1. Discuss the causes of terrorism in India with suitable examples.
2. Evaluate the role of cross-border terrorism in destabilizing India’s security.
3. How do socio-economic conditions contribute to the rise of terrorism?
4. Assess the challenges in tackling Left-Wing Extremism in India.
5. What are the differences between insurgency and terrorism in the Indian context?
6. Examine the role of Naxalism in threatening internal security.
7. How do ethnic grievances fuel insurgency in the North-East?
8. Discuss the impact of religious radicalization on national security.
9. Critically analyze India’s counter-terrorism strategies.
10. Discuss the role of intelligence agencies in countering terrorism.
11. Explain the nexus between terrorism and organized crime.
12. Assess the effectiveness of Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA).
13. Examine the role of external state and non-state actors in terrorism in India.
14. How can community policing help in controlling terrorism?
15. Evaluate the rehabilitation policy for surrendered militants.
16. Discuss the impact of terrorism on communal harmony.
17. How does technology aid both terrorists and counter-terrorism agencies?
18. Critically assess India’s deradicalization programs.
19. Examine the human rights concerns while tackling terrorism.
20. What reforms are needed to strengthen India’s counter-terrorism framework?

Chapter 2: Cyber Security (20 Questions)

21. Define cyber security and explain its importance in internal security.
22. Assess the challenges India faces in the cyber domain.
23. Discuss the role of CERT-In in ensuring cyber security.
24. Evaluate the significance of the National Cyber Security Policy.
25. How do cyber threats affect India’s critical infrastructure?
26. Explain the concept of cyber warfare with examples.
27. Critically examine the issue of data privacy and national security.
28. Discuss the implications of cyber espionage on India.
29. Assess the challenges in ensuring cyber security in financial systems.
30. How can Artificial Intelligence strengthen cyber defense mechanisms?
31. Explain the role of international cooperation in tackling cyber crime.
32. What measures are required to build a robust cyber deterrence capability?
33. Evaluate the role of ethical hacking in cyber defense.
34. Discuss the impact of social media on internal security.
35. Examine the rise of cyber radicalization and its threats.
36. How do ransomware attacks challenge India’s cyber resilience?
37. What is the role of cyber hygiene in ensuring security?
38. Assess the capacity of law enforcement agencies in cyber crime prevention.
39. Discuss the significance of data localization for cyber security.
40. How can public-private partnerships help in cyber security enhancement?

3: Border Management (20 Questions)

41. Discuss the challenges of India’s porous borders.
42. Evaluate the role of the Border Security Force in maintaining internal security.
43. How does illegal migration affect India’s security?
44. Assess the impact of cross-border smuggling on India.
45. Discuss the challenges of border management in the North-East.
46. Examine the role of technology in effective border management.
47. Critically analyze the fencing of borders as a solution to infiltration.
48. How does the India-Myanmar border pose unique challenges?
49. Discuss the significance of coastal security for India.
50. Evaluate the role of the Indian Coast Guard in border management.
51. Assess the threats of drug trafficking through India’s borders.
52. Discuss the importance of the Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System.
53. Examine the role of border villages in internal security.
54. How do external actors exploit porous borders for terrorism?
55. Evaluate the role of Indo-Bangladesh border management in security relations.
56. What are the challenges of border disputes with China?
57. Assess the role of satellite surveillance in border management.
58. Discuss the problem of human trafficking through borders.
59. How can community participation strengthen border management?
60. What are the reforms needed for efficient border guarding forces?

Chapter 4: Organized Crime and Money Laundering (20 Questions)

61. Define organized crime and discuss its threats to internal security.
62. Explain the nexus between organized crime and terrorism.
63. Discuss the role of money laundering in financing terrorism.
64. Evaluate the effectiveness of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA).
65. How does drug trafficking pose internal security challenges?
66. Assess the role of international cooperation in controlling organized crime.
67. Explain the challenges in curbing hawala transactions.
68. Discuss the role of the Enforcement Directorate in tackling money laundering.
69. How does cyber crime link with organized crime?
70. Examine the problem of counterfeit currency in India.
71. Discuss the role of Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in combating money laundering.
72. Assess the challenges in tackling human trafficking in India.
73. How do arms smuggling networks threaten national security?
74. Critically analyze the role of Interpol in fighting organized crime.
75. Discuss the problem of wildlife trafficking and its security implications.
76. Evaluate the role of Narcotics Control Bureau in internal security.
77. How does money laundering impact the Indian economy?
78. Examine the role of regional cooperation in curbing organized crime in South Asia.
79. Discuss the problem of cyber-enabled financial crimes.
80. What reforms are needed to strengthen the fight against organized crime?

Chapter 5: Security Challenges and Their Management (20 Questions)

81. What are the emerging internal security challenges in India?
82. Assess the impact of communal violence on internal security.
83. How does caste violence affect social stability?
84. Evaluate the role of social media in spreading misinformation.
85. Discuss the threat of bio-terrorism to India.
86. How does fake news undermine national security?
87. Examine the role of civil society in promoting internal security.
88. Assess the importance of coordination among intelligence agencies.
89. Discuss the role of police reforms in ensuring internal security.
90. How does economic disparity contribute to internal conflicts?
91. Evaluate the role of paramilitary forces in internal security management.
92. What are the challenges in modernizing India’s police force?
93. Discuss the role of technology in disaster and security management.
94. Critically analyze India’s preparedness against hybrid warfare.
95. How does urbanization pose internal security risks?
96. Discuss the problem of radicalization of youth in India.
97. Assess the role of community engagement in preventing extremism.
98. How does corruption affect internal security structures?
99. Examine the role of National Investigation Agency in tackling security threats.
100. What are the reforms required in India’s internal security architecture?

Conclusion

Internal security of India encompasses diverse challenges ranging from terrorism and insurgency to cyber security, border management, and organized crime. Preparing for this section of UPSC Mains requires aspirants to not only understand the theoretical aspects but also analyze contemporary developments and government responses. The above 100 questions, divided into relevant chapters, provide a comprehensive framework for structured preparation and effective answer writing practice.

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