Economics Questions for UPSC Civil Services Exam (Mains) (100 Questions)

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Indian Economy & Growth

  1. Discuss the structural transformation of the Indian economy since independence.
  2. Examine the reasons behind the persistent informal sector dominance in India.
  3. Evaluate the success of economic liberalisation in India since 1991.
  4. Critically assess the government’s strategies for achieving a $5 trillion economy.
  5. Explain the concept of GDP and GVA. How do they differ in measuring economic performance?
  6. Analyse the recent trends in India’s GDP growth rate post-COVID-19.
  7. Discuss the challenges in achieving inclusive growth in India.
  8. How does the demographic dividend impact India’s economic growth potential?
  9. Examine the role of infrastructure in accelerating economic development.
  10. Critically evaluate the impact of digital economy growth on India’s GDP.

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Planning & Economic Reforms

  1. Discuss the role of NITI Aayog in India’s development planning.
  2. Compare the functioning of the Planning Commission and NITI Aayog.
  3. Evaluate the impact of economic reforms on poverty reduction in India.
  4. How have public-private partnerships contributed to infrastructure development?
  5. Examine the need for structural reforms in Indian agriculture.
  6. Discuss the effectiveness of the National Infrastructure Pipeline.
  7. Critically assess the Make in India initiative’s impact on manufacturing.
  8. Analyse the role of start-ups in India’s economic transformation.
  9. Discuss the importance of ease of doing business reforms in India.
  10. Evaluate the role of the cooperative sector in rural development.

Agriculture & Rural Economy

  1. Analyse the impact of MSP policies on agricultural markets.
  2. Evaluate the challenges of doubling farmers’ income in India.
  3. Discuss the impact of climate change on Indian agriculture.
  4. How effective is PM-Kisan in improving farmers’ welfare?
  5. Examine the implications of contract farming for small farmers.
  6. Discuss the role of agricultural exports in boosting rural incomes.
  7. Evaluate the impact of e-NAM on agricultural marketing efficiency.
  8. Critically analyse the role of micro-irrigation in water use efficiency.
  9. Discuss the challenges of agricultural mechanisation in India.
  10. Examine the role of FPOs (Farmer Producer Organisations) in rural development.

Industry & Services

  1. Discuss the role of MSMEs in job creation and GDP growth.
  2. Analyse the impact of global supply chain disruptions on Indian industry.
  3. Evaluate the potential of India’s semiconductor manufacturing initiatives.
  4. Discuss the role of the IT sector in India’s service-led growth.
  5. Examine the contribution of tourism to India’s GDP.
  6. Evaluate the government’s PLI (Production Linked Incentive) scheme.
  7. Discuss the challenges in reviving India’s textile industry.
  8. Analyse the role of gig economy in India’s labour market.
  9. Evaluate India’s logistics sector reforms and competitiveness.
  10. Discuss the implications of 100% FDI in certain sectors.

Monetary Policy & Inflation

  1. Examine the role of the RBI in maintaining price stability.
  2. Critically analyse India’s inflation targeting framework.
  3. Discuss the impact of repo rate changes on economic growth.
  4. Evaluate the role of Monetary Policy Committee (MPC).
  5. How does currency depreciation affect India’s economy?
  6. Examine the impact of global oil prices on India’s inflation.
  7. Discuss the role of financial inclusion in economic development.
  8. Evaluate the success of Jan Dhan Yojana in promoting banking access.
  9. Analyse the problem of NPAs in the Indian banking sector.
  10. Examine the challenges in regulating fintech in India.

Fiscal Policy & Taxation

  1. Analyse the effectiveness of India’s fiscal consolidation measures.
  2. Discuss the impact of GST on India’s federalism.
  3. Evaluate the role of fiscal stimulus during economic slowdowns.
  4. Discuss the implications of rising public debt in India.
  5. Examine the role of direct taxes in reducing inequality.
  6. Critically analyse the implementation of GST.
  7. Discuss the effectiveness of disinvestment in improving PSUs’ performance.
  8. Evaluate the challenges of increasing India’s tax-to-GDP ratio.
  9. Discuss the role of subsidies in India’s welfare policies.
  10. Examine the impact of FRBM Act on fiscal discipline.

Trade & External Sector

  1. Analyse the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) on India’s economy.
  2. Discuss India’s trade policy reforms since 1991.
  3. Evaluate India’s position in the global value chain.
  4. Examine the role of WTO in shaping India’s trade policies.
  5. Discuss the challenges in reducing India’s trade deficit.
  6. Analyse the impact of exchange rate volatility on exports.
  7. Evaluate the potential of India’s Act East Policy for trade growth.
  8. Discuss the implications of RCEP on India’s economy.
  9. Examine the impact of protectionism on India’s exports.
  10. Discuss India’s strategies for attracting foreign investment.

Poverty, Inequality & Employment

  1. Discuss the multidimensional nature of poverty in India.
  2. Evaluate the effectiveness of MGNREGA in rural employment.
  3. Examine the problem of jobless growth in India.
  4. Discuss the gender gap in labour force participation.
  5. Analyse the role of skill development in tackling unemployment.
  6. Evaluate the effectiveness of social security schemes for informal workers.
  7. Discuss the relationship between economic growth and inequality.
  8. Analyse the causes of regional disparities in India.
  9. Evaluate the performance of the National Skill Development Mission.
  10. Discuss the impact of automation on employment in India.

Environment, Sustainable Development & Economy

  1. Discuss the concept of green GDP and its relevance to India.
  2. Evaluate India’s progress towards achieving SDGs.
  3. Examine the role of renewable energy in India’s economic growth.
  4. Discuss the economics of water scarcity in India.
  5. Evaluate the cost-benefit of afforestation projects.
  6. Analyse the challenges of balancing growth with environmental protection.
  7. Discuss the implications of carbon tax for India.
  8. Evaluate the potential of circular economy in India.
  9. Discuss the role of energy efficiency in economic competitiveness.
  10. Examine the economic impact of natural disasters in India.

Current Issues & Reforms

  1. Analyse the economic impact of COVID-19 on India.
  2. Discuss the role of Atmanirbhar Bharat in economic recovery.
  3. Evaluate the challenges of urbanisation for economic planning.
  4. Discuss the impact of globalisation on Indian economy.
  5. Examine the role of digital payments in financial inclusion.
  6. Analyse India’s performance in World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business rankings.
  7. Evaluate the economic significance of Gati Shakti Master Plan.
  8. Discuss the role of data economy in India’s future growth.
  9. Examine the importance of economic diplomacy for India.
  10. Evaluate the potential of India becoming a global manufacturing hub.

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